Amanita sect. Phalloideae: two interesting non-lethal species from West Africa

The members of Amanita sect. Phalloideae (Fr.) Quél. are responsible for many fatalities worldwide. However, some species in this section have previously been reported as non-lethal and lacking deadly toxins. Sequences five genes (ITS, nrLSU, RPB2, TEF1-α, TUB2) belonging to the from tropical Africa, America, Asia, Australia, Europe were included study elucidate phylogenetic relationships among species. results indicated that lethal one clade (subclade I) while divided into two clades (subclades II III) within section. Moreover, namely A. ballerinoides bulbulosa newly described based on both morphology molecular approaches. Phylogenetically, they cluster same subclade III with other known amanitas, including ballerina, chuformis, franzii, levistriata, pseudogemmata. Neither amatoxins nor phallotoxins detected by LC-HRMS, which agrees their placement Phalloideae. Finally, a key West African is provided.